OBJECTIVE: İn this study, it is aimed to compare the prevalance of HCV antibody in hepatitis suspected blood samples taken from the patients applying to the Research and Practice Hospital of xxxxx University between the years from 2003 to 2011 and the rates of HCV antibody in those years.
METHODS: in this study, the anti HCV results of patients applying to the Research and Practice Hospital of xxxxx University in those nine years (from 2003 to 2011) are researched according to the retroactive records of laboratory.
RESULTS: in 5085 blood samples (% 1.9) of 255764 in total sent to the microbiology laboratory between the years from 2003 to 2011, anti HVC test is found positive. When the rates of founded HCV antibody are compared with the years, it is seen that rates vary between 2.3 % and 1.7 %.
CONCLUSION: it is seen that HCV infection maintains its up-to-dateness. The data should be up to date to keep the illness under control constantly. It is thought that this study will contribute the literature about this subject.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this work is measure tests using butyrylthiocholine as a substract and get the spectrofotometric results for dispersion level of Cholinesterase in people who is working in the pharmaceutical and agriculture sector, were chronicly affected by
pesticide or patiences who are suspected to be poisoned by pesticide, who applied for the Consumer Safety Health Effects Research Laboratories RSHMB biological material lab, Ankara during the period 2008-2010.

METHODS: The blood samples were analyzed by the biological materials laboratory. The plasmas Cholinesterase levels were measured with the kits Cholinesterase, butyrylthiocholine kinetic, Spınreact between 01.01.2008 - 17.07.2010; after 17.07.2010 Cholinesterase, butyrylthiocholine substrate, (Quimica clinica aplıcada S.A.) The plazmas were seperated from the blood samples and preoperate on them with the spectrofotometric methods under the room temperature of 405nm and Cholinesterase, levels measured by quantitative analysed method
RESULTS: Evidence: In this research 1136 people whose Cholinesterase levels tested; applied to our center because of pestisit toxication. 367 (32,3 %) were the ones who works for the pharmaceutical sector and intended to be under control, 769 (67,7%) were the ones prediagnoised as poisoned. It has been detected that 222 (28,9%) of them were in safe serum Cholinesterase measurement range. 119 (53,6 %) of these people were women and majority of them 56 (25,2 %) is in 10-19 age group. 347 (94,6 %) people who is working either in the pharmaceutical or agriculture sector were in normal range and just 20 (5,4 %) of them were in the toxicty range. The intoxicated workers were in the age group of 30-39.
CONCLUSION: The Cholinesterase level of the persons, who sprayed or were
poisoned by insecticide containing organophosphate, is of utmost importance.
In our research 547 patiente (71,1 %) and 347 workers (94,6%) were in normal range of cholinesterase level. This results shows that the patiente who pre diagnosed as toxicated should be well examined. Also to determine the workers and examined thier cholinesterase levels who is from pharmaceutical sector and Works with organophosphore insecticide; is very important in economically and workload basis.

OBJECTIVE: In many countries, it has been evaluated data obtained from individuals in order to determine environmental metal exposure and country standards. In the present study, the aim is to find out the mean arsenic levels of residents of our country by detecting the arsenic levels in hair samples of metallurgical workers who was thought to be exposed to arsenic and unexposed volunteers.
METHODS: The study population comprised 175 metallurgy workers aged 20 to 58 and 175 age-matched (21 to 60 years) volunteers. GFAAS equipped with Zeeman background correction system was utilized for hair As determination.
RESULTS: The average of hair As levels of exposed workers and control group 2.53±2.47 μg/g and 0.21±0.20 μg/g, respectively. The hair As level was found significantly higher in exposed group than in control group (p<0.01).
CONCLUSION: The mean hair arsenic level was lower in unexposed group and was 2-fold higher in workers than 1 μg/g that is accepted as standard, revealing that the precautions and sanctions should be increased.

Hantaviruses as a member of the family Bunyaviridae are RNA viruses with enveloped, negative-sense, single-stranded segmental genome. Today, more than 20 different Hantavirus species are recognized. Eleven of them cause clinical symptoms in humans. Hantaan (HTNV), Puumala (PUUV), Dobrava (DOBV), Seoul viruses causes different forms of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), since Sin Nombre virus and Sin Nombre-like viruses found especially in the United States causes hantaviruses pulmonary syndrome (HPS) with high mortality. In our country, infections have been reported with subtypes of the Hantaviruses firstly PUUV in the Western Black Sea region, then DOBV from Giresun and Kastamonu. A case of Hantavirus infection similarly in the form of RSHF from the rural area of Kazan district in Ankara has been reported in this article. Sixty-seven-year-old male patient was admitted to the emergency room with complaints of dizziness, fever and fatigue in June of 2011. Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia elevated liver enzymes and creatinine was detected in laboratory investigations at emergency room. The patient hospitalized and followed with initial diagnosis of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF). Further investigation of the serum samples at the Refik Saydam Hygiene Center and Research Laboratory of Virology with indirect immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) ((Hantaviruses Mosaic-1, Euroimmun, Germany) resulted in weakly positivity of anti-hantavirus IgM and IgG. The first serum samples revealed negative by immunoblot test (Euroimmun, Germany). After 11 days second sample of patient revealed DOBV positivite with both IFA and immunoblot serologically. In-house RT - Polimerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test was found to be negative in the first serum sample of the patient. This case is important of being the first HFRS infection reported from Ankara.

Nanotechnology is a multi-disciplinary technology that processes the materials that can be measured with nanometer-level and combines many research field or discipline. Nanomaterials (NMs) are widely used in the fields of science, technology, communication, electronics, industry, pharmacy, medicine, environment, consumer products and military. Until recently little has been known about whether or not nanomaterials have the toxic or hazardous effects on human health and the environment. However, several studies have indicated that exposure to some nanomaterials, e.g. nanoparticles, can cause some adverse effects in humans and animals. Over the last years the number of publications focusing on nanotoxicology has gained momentum, but, there is still a gap about the genotoxicity of nanomaterials.
Metal nanoparticles and their alloys with excellent mechanical properties are the materials which can be easily adapted to the mechanical conditions of the musculoskeletal system. Cobalt-chromium alloys are widely used in orthopedic applications as joint prosthesis and bone regeneration material, fillings and dental implants in jaw surgery, and in cardiovascular surgery, especially stent applications. Studies about cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of metal nanoparticles on human indicate that some metal nanoparticles have cytotoxic and genotoxic effects and they may be hazardous for humans. However, a few studies have been reported concerning the genotoxic effects of cobalt-chromium nanoparticles. The data from these studies indicate that cobalt-chromium nanoparticles have cytotoxic and genotoxic effects. It has been stated that the wear debris from implants cause DNA and chromosome damage in patients with cobalt-chromium replacements. It was also found that the risk of urinary cancers such as bladder, ureter, kidney and prostate in patients after hip replacement than among the wider population.
Because there are very little biocompatibility and toxicity tests on the long-term effects of nanoparticles and limited number of research focused on nanogenotoxicity, the effect mechanisms of nanoparticles on cells especially genetic material are not yet elucidated in detail. For this reason the well designed experiments including cell-cycle and DNA repair are required to understand the epigenetic effects of nanoparticles and mechanisms of nanoparticle-induced genotoxic events. Thus we may have information that will allow making the informed designs, ensuring biocompatibility of nanomaterials and minimising their adverse effects for health in the future.

Cancer has been considered one of the most serious calamities all over the world producing tremendous economic and social losses. Considering the increasing incidence of these health disturbances, the variable efficacy and frequent adverse events commonly notified with the existing chemotherapy protocols and the new events currently in progress in the world it´s urgent to develop new strategies to prevent and treat cancer. It is well known that Walker 256 tumor is the most common experimental tumor model to study cancer but public health personnel still has little information about it. The aim of this study is not only to review the important aspects of this experimental tumor but also to increase the knowledge and comprehension about it among health professionals.